儿童生命认知和生命体验的发展特点

The Development of Children's Cognition and Psychological Experience of Life and Death

本研究在生命教育的社会背景下,以2、4、6、8、11年级的中小学生为研究对象,使用造句和补充句子的方式考察儿童对生命和死亡的认知及体验。结果表明:1)儿童对生命和死亡的认知发展是随着年级的升高从模糊不清、具体形象到认知生命本质直至表达态度、感悟哲理的一个渐次深入的过程;2)儿童对生命过程的体验总体上是积极的,且随着年级的升高体验的内涵越来越丰富;3)儿童对死亡的心理体验以恐惧和悲伤为主;但随着年级的升高,儿童对死亡体验哲理性和迷茫的逐渐增多。

The current research was based on the background of life education. 736 children, reeurited from grade 2, 4, 6, 8, 11 in some elementary schools and high schools, were asked to complete their sentences by using ＂life＂ and ＂death＂. The results showed as follow ：, （ 1 ） as the grade increased, children＇ s knowledge about life and death was an indepth process gradually changing from vague cognition to image cognition, abstract cognition and reasonable eognition; （2） on the whole, children＇s psychological experience of life was positive, and with the age increased it became more mature and richer. Their psychological experience of death mainly eonsisted of sadness and fear. As the grade increased, more and more children began to philosophically experience the meaning and value of death, and a few children became confused of death.