火灾中3种木质地板的燃烧性能研究

Study on the burning features of the three kinds of wooden floor in case under fire

木质地板的使用加大了室内火灾发生的几率,增加了室内火灾的荷载,强化了火灾的发展与蔓延。定量研究木质地板的燃烧性能对于减少室内火灾的发生,控制火灾的发展非常重要。应用着火温度测定仪、烟密度测定仪和锥形量热仪,测定了竹地板、实木地板和复合地板3种常用的家庭装修地板材料的燃烧性能。结果表明:竹地板、复合地板和实木地板的点着温度分别为277℃、285℃和290℃;火灾前期,释放的烟密度由大到小依次为:竹地板、实木地板和复合地板,火灾中后期释放的烟密度由大到小依次为:竹地板、复合地板和实木地板;竹地板、复合地板和实木地板的引燃时间分别为35 s、44 s和45s;竹地板、复合地板和实木地板的平均热释放速率分别为368.7kW/m^2、357.7 kW/m^2和380.1 kW/m^2;竹地板、复合地板和实木地板的总热释放分别为330 kW/m^2、331.8 kW/m^2和414.3 kW/m^2;竹地板、复合地板和实木地板的CO生成产率分别为:0.000 417 g/s、0.000 328g/s和0.000 296 g/s。根据对点着温度、引燃时间、烟气密度、热释放速率和CO生成产率等指标的分析可知,3种木质地板中,竹地板的燃烧性能最强,其次是复合地板,实木地板则最弱;但实木地板的总热释放量最大,对火场人员的热伤害最为严重。

The paper is inclined to introduce the results of our experimental study with the three kinds of wooden floor in case of catching indoor fire. When testing the fire temperature, we have used a smoking density measurer and a tapered calorimeter to find the burning features of the three kinds of floor materials, all of which represent the commonly adopted floor materials in the house decoration. The results of our comparative study indicate that the ignition temperatures of the three floors are respectively： 277 ℃ for the bamboo, 285 ℃ for the compound floor and 290 ℃ for the solid wooden floor, in the early stage of the fire. However, according to the density ratio of the fume released by the three kinds of floors is in the following descending order： bamboo floor, solid wooden floor and compound floor whereas with the middle and later stages, the order proves： bamboo floor, compound floor and solid wooden floor. At the same time, the TTI of three floors stands respectively： bamboo floor 35 s, the compound floor 44 s whereas the solid wooden floor 45 s. As to the HRR of the three kinds of floor, the order can be seen： as bamboo floor： 368.7 kW/m^2, the compound floor： 357.7 kW/m^2 and the solid wooden floor： 380.1 kW/m^2. Besides, the THR of three floors are respectively： the bamboo floor is 330 kW/m^2 while the compound floor stands 331.8 kW/m^2 with the solid wooden floor being 414.3 kW/m^2. The above analysis has been done on the basis of such in- dexes of fire, as the ignition temperature, TTI, fume density, HRR and the yield of CO and so on, which indicates that the combustibility of bamboo floor is the greatest followed by the compound floor and the solid wooden floor. Nevertheless, the THR of solid wooden floor turns out to be the biggest, which is likely to bring most serious exposure to the field workers in hot weather.