尖峰岭热带山地雨林生态系统碳平衡的初步研究

CARBON POOL AND CARBON DIOXIDE DYNAMICS OFTROPICAL MOUNTAIN RAIN FOREST ECOSYSTEMAT JIANFENGLING,HAINAN ISLAND

报道了我国海南岛目前保存面积较大、林分的组成和结构复杂的热带山地雨林生态系统的Ｃ素库和群落的ＣＯ２排放动态。通过在尖峰岭林区进行为期３ａ的研究，结果表明：热带山地雨林的碳素库主要有３个方面，即森林生物量中的Ｃ为２３４．３０５６ｔ／ｈｍ２，森林凋落物现存量中的Ｃ为２．９８ｔ／ｈｍ２以及土壤层中的Ｃ为１０４．６９６ｔ／ｈｍ２，合计为３４１．９８１６ｔ／ｈｍ２。森林生态系统中的ＣＯ２平衡的基本动态为：每年用于群落总第一性生产力所同化的ＣＯ２总量为７４．２８ｔ／ｈｍ２，其中４２．６９ｔ／ｈｍ２的ＣＯ２又通过群落呼吸作用而释放出来，用于净第一性生产力为３１．５９ｔ／ｈｍ２；另一方面，凋落物层每年通过呼吸而释放的ＣＯ２量为３．２７ｔ／ｈｍ２，土壤的释放（不包括根系的呼吸）量约为２６．９６ｔ／ｈｍ２。收支相抵，热带山地雨林生态系统每年对大气中的ＣＯ２的固定量为１．３６６ｔ／ｈｍ２，折合Ｃ为０．３７２５ｔ／ｈｍ２。由此可见，恢复、发展和保护热带林生态系统是解决大气中ＣＯ２浓度升高、温室效应等全球性的生态问题的重要途径之一。

Summarized the results of carbon pool and carbon dioxide dynamics of the pristine ecosystem of tropical mountain rain forest at Jianfegling,Hainan Island.The results indicate that:(1) the carbon pool of the forest ecosystem consisted of three main parts with a total amount 342t/hm^2 (converting into carbon dioxide up to 1254t/hm^2),of which the forest biomass pool occupied 234.31t/hm^2,litter fall pool 2.98t/hm^2 and forest soil pool 104.696t/hm^2; (2) the basic dynamics of carbon dioxide in the forest ecosystem lists as:the CO_2 amount assimilated for gross productivity by forest community was up to 74.28t/hm^2·a,of which the respiration consuming by the community was calculated about 42.69t/hm^2·a,and the net amount of assimilated CO_2 remained of 31.59t/hm^2·a On the other hand,the forest community released the CO_2 by respiration of litter fall layer and forest soil which the amount was 3.26 and 26.96t/hm^2·a respectively.So the CO_2 budget of forest ecosystem could be known,that was 1.366t/hm^2·a CO_2 or 0.3725 t/hm^2·a C to be fixed in forest ecosystem.It is obvious that recovering,developing and protecting the tropical forest is one of the most important steps to solve the globe ecological problems especially the consistent increas of CO_2.