从“V给”句式的类化看语义的决定性原则

The Meaning-determining Principle from the Categorization of the "V给" Structure

"V给"句式中的V大致有三类:Va(给予义);Vb(制作义);Vc(取得义)。朱德熙先生(1979)根据当时的汉语事实判断Vb、Vc动词不能构成"V给他一本书"这样的双宾语句。但是经过几十年的变化,这样的句子已经比比皆是。本文具体分析了这类句式及其各种变式的形式特点以及语义特点。并且运用语义的决定性原则对这些语言现象进行了解释,同时还进一步探求"类化"在句式的衍推和泛化方面所发挥的作用。

There are three types of ＂V＂ in the ＂ V 给＂ structure ： Va （give） , Vb （make） and Vc（get）. Zhu Dexi （1979） concluded that Vb and Vc could not be made into dual object sentences like ＂V 给他一本书＂ （V him a book） based on the use of the Chinese language at that time. How- ever, this type of sentence is very common now after decades of language changing. This article analyzes the form and semantic characteristics of ＂ V 给＂ structure and its variants, uses the meaning determining principle to explain these linguistic phenomena and explores the function of categorization as used in the entailment and generalization of syntactical structures.