普朗克与马赫之间的哲学论战

The Fierce Philosophic Debate between Planck and Mach

客观实在论是普朗克主要哲学思想之一,它和实证主义的基本观点水火不相容,反驳实证主义是普朗克哲学活动的突出特征。青年时代的普朗克曾深受马赫哲学的影响,而在研究黑体辐射和提出能量子假说的过程中,他逐渐摆脱实证主义尤其是马赫哲学的羁绊。普朗克和马赫之间的论战的焦点是:是否存在实在的外界;物理规律是否具有客观性;物理学统一的基础是什么;原子是否具有实在性;经济思维原则是否是科学的最高目标和科学探索的最有效方法等等。这场论战是科学史和哲学史上发人深思,让人震撼的思想交锋,是实在论与实证论之间最著名最有影响的争论之一。

Objective realism was one of Planck＇s main philosophic thoughts. It conflicted with basic views of positivism drastically. Refuting positivism was a clear - cut characteristic in Planck＇s philosophic activities. Planck had intensely been influenced by Mach＇s philosophy when he was young . In the process of studying blackbody radiation and putting forward Energy Quantum Hypothesis Planck broke away from the fetters of positivism especially Mach＇s philosophy gradually. The debate between Planck and Mach focused on these discrepancies： whether there exists a real world; Whether laws of physics have objectivity ; What is the basis of unity of physics; Whether a atom has reality ; Whether the principle of economic thinking is the highest goal of science and the most effective way in scientific exploration , And so on . The debate of thought shocked many people violently and made them think more deeply. It was one of most famous and intluential battle between realism and positivism in history of science and philosophy.