新中国成立第一年解决粮食问题的实践及其经验

The Practice and Experience of Solving the Grain Problem in the first Year of New China

新中国成立之初面临严峻的粮食危机问题。新中国政府为此制定并实施了一系列重大举措:集中力量打击市场投机行为,平抑粮价,稳定市场;多头并举,努力恢复和发展粮食生产;灵活合理制定土改和公粮征收政策,确保公粮征收计划按时完成;统一和加强全国粮食管理,实施全国粮食大调运;组织开展大规模抗灾救灾和节约互助运动。经过一年努力,当初严峻的粮食形势得到有效缓解。这一年的成功实践,给后人留下了许多宝贵经验,需要认真总结。

New China faced severe grain problem at the first year of its founding. The government formulated and implemented a series of significant actions: fighting against market speculation to stabilize prices and markets; making all efforts to restore and develop the grain production; making flexible and rational land reform and grain tax collection policy to ensure the timely completion of public grain collection plan; unifying and strengthening the national grain control to implement the national grain production dispatching; organizing a large-scale disaster relief and provident societies movement. With the effort of this year, the severe grain situation in the beginning was effectively relieved. Successful practice in this year has left a lot of invaluable experiences for posterity, for instance, the grain issue is not only an economic one, but also a political one concerning the social stability and regime consolidation; the most important thing to solve the grain problem is to control its production, circulation and distribution; as to the issues of important resources as grain which concerns the national economy and the people's livelihood, the nation should pay special attention to unified management and scheduling.