陕西渭北旱塬“粉红女士”苹果品质与气象因子的关系

Relationship between fruit quality of ‘Pink Lady’ apple and meteorological factors in Chinese Weibei Highland areas

【目的】研究"粉红女士"苹果品质与气象因子的关系,为"粉红女士"苹果优质生产、合理区划提供理论依据。【方法】2005-2007年,对陕西渭北旱塬3个生态类型区(由南至北分别为富平、白水、洛川)栽培的"粉红女士"苹果的果实品质进行测定,利用多元统计法研究果实品质与年平均气温、年有效积温、年降水量等气象因子的相关关系,并根据建立的回归方程,求出使"粉红女士"苹果果实品质达到优良的主要气象因子最适值。【结果】3个生态类型区"粉红女士"果实的总糖、总酸和果皮花青苷含量等差异较大,富平产区的果实综合品质表现较优,而洛川产区的较差;4～10月平均降水量、年有效积温、4～10月平均气温日较差、年均日照时数是影响"粉红女士"苹果品质的主要气象因子,其中年有效积温、4～10月平均降水量是主要限制因子;年平均气温12.2℃,年有效积温3210℃,年均日照时数2573h,4～10月日照时数1680h,4～10月平均降水量484mm,4～10月平均气温15.5℃,4～10月平均气温日较差10.8℃,是"粉红女士"苹果果实品质表现优良的适宜气象因子。【结论】建立了"粉红女士"果实优质的主要气象因子评价体系和最适值。

[Objective] This study explored the relationship between fruit quality of ＇Pink Lady＇apple and meteorological factors in order to provide a theoretical basis for apple industry and agricultural zoning. [Method] In 2005-2007, based on the multiple statistical analysis, the relation was studied between fruit quality of ＇Pink Lady＇ apple and meteorological factors,such as annual average temperature, effective accumulated temperature, annual precipitation etc, in the three major regions of apple industry of Fuping, Baishui,and Luochuan in the Weibei Highland areas in China. According to the regression equations, the optimum values regarding the local key meteorological factors were ealc.ula.ted for production of the best quality in the ＇Pink Lady＇ apples. [Result] The results showed that total sugars,total acids and anthocyanin varied among the ＇Pink Lady＇ apples sampled from the three regions of the Weibei Highland in China. The quality of ＇Pink Lady＇ apple expressed better in Fuping than that in Luochuan. Total precipitation from Apr. to Oct. ,annual effective accumulated temperature, average temperature diurnal range from Apr. to Oct. ,and annul daylight duration were the principle factors that affected the fruit quality of ＇Pink Lady＇ apples. Among them,annual effective accumulated temperature, and total precipitation from Apr. to Oct. were the two most important factors. Annual average temperature of 12.2 ℃ ,effective accumulated temperature reaching 3 210 ℃ ,annual average daylight duration of 2 573 h,daylight duration from Apr. to Oct. reaching 1680 h,average precipitation from Apr. to Oct. reaching 484 mm,average temperature from Apr. to Oct. being 15.5 ℃ ,and average temperature diurnal range from Apr. to Oct. being 10.8 ℃ ,were the optimum values of the meteorological factors for expression of the highest quality of ＇Pink Lady＇ apples. [Conclusion] Regression equation was obtained to efficiently analyze the effects of meteorological factors on quality in the ＇Pink Lady＇ apples in this study.