略论磨沟齐家文化墓地的多人多次合葬

A Brief Discussion on Joint Burial in Mogou Cemetery of Qijia Culture

2008年7～11月,在甘肃临潭磨沟遗址发掘了346座齐家文化时期的墓葬。本文对该墓地合葬墓的类型与埋葬特点、葬式与人骨推挤现象、多次埋葬的过程与特点等进行了分析。这批墓葬的结构复杂,多人合葬现象普遍,人骨埋葬方式多变,并有大量的人骨推挤现象。合葬墓多为成年男女与儿童合葬,应为家庭合葬,说明个体家庭在当时社会生活中的作用更加突出。磨沟遗址齐家文化墓地的发掘对于揭示其所处社会阶段的复杂现象,以及黄河上游在我国早期文明化进程中的地位和作用具有重要的意义。

In the year 2008, 346 tombs of Qijia Culture were excavated in Mogou Site of Gansu Province. In this article, the author analyzed type and character of joint tombs in this cemetery, and discussed the burial posture, the accumulation of human bones and the phenomenon of repeated burial. In the cemetery, structure of the tomb was complex, joint burials appeared frequently, burial manner was various, and great deals of accumulation of human bones were found. In most of joint tombs, adults （man and woman） and ehildren were found. Thus the tombs should be family tombs. This phenomenon shows the important role of individual family in social life of that time. The excavation provides important information in revealing the complexity of society of the day, and the role of upriver Yellow River in early civilizing process of ancient China.