广东省成年居民体力活动状况及其影响因素分析

Patterns and influencing factors of physical activity among residents in Guangdong Province

目的了解广东省成年居民体力活动状况以及影响因素,为预防控制工作提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取全省21个监测县(区、市)的居民作为调查对象,使用世界卫生组织推荐的"全球体力活动问卷"(Global Physical Activity Questionnaire,简称GPAQ),进行面对面横断面调查,调查内容包括职业性、交通性、休闲性体力活动情况及其社会经济状况、吸烟、饮酒情况以及高血压、糖尿病、肥胖患病等相关情况,对活动情况进行描述性分析,并对居民体力活动不足的影响因素进行logistic回归分析。结果共调查广东省15～69岁居民6 174人,男性2 938人,女性3 236人。其体力活动高、中、低水平分别占50.5%、26.1%和23.4%,其中农村居民高水平身体活动占的比例(57.9%)高于城市的(38.7%)(P<0.01)。职业性活动、交通性活动、休闲性活动能量代谢当量(METs)占总活动METs的比例分别是77.3%、17.6%和5.1%,其中农村职业性活动METs占总活动METs的比重(81.8%)高于城市的(64.7%)(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、BMI以及向心性肥胖是体力活动不足的主要影响因素,其中男性相对于女性、65～69岁人群相对于15～24岁年龄组、向心性肥胖人群相对于无向心性肥胖人群的体力活动不足的比例较大(OR值分别为2.27、1.66、1.28);相对于农林牧渔人群来说,其他职业人群(OR=1.42～2.81)体力活动不足的比例较大;初中、高中人群相对于文盲/半文盲人群来说,体力活动不足的比例较大(OR=1.35～1.54)。结论广东省居民体力活动以高水平占的比例较大,但活动来源以职业性活动为主,休闲性体力活动占的比重低,需提高休闲性体力活动在总体力活动中的比例,降低农村高强度职业体力活动水平;不同地区、性别、职业人群体力活动模式有较大的差别,农村、男性、老年人以及向心性肥胖人群是干预的重点。

Objective To describe the patterns and influencing factors of physical activity and provide basis for prevention and intervention. Methods A cross - sectional survey was conducted among residents selected from 21 counties in Guaugdong Province by multistage stratified cluster sampling method. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire （GPAQ） , including contents of work, travel and recreation physical activity, was adopted. Influencing factors of physical activity were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 6 174 residents aged at 15 -69 years （2 938 males and 3 236 females） in Guangdong Province were investigated. The levels of high, middle and low physical activity were 50. 5% , 26. 1% and 23.4% , respectively. Metabolic equivalents （METs） of work, travel and recreation physical activity accounted for 77.3% , 17.6% and 5. 1% of total METs. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male（ OR =2. 27）, aged people（ OR = 1.66）, educational attainment （ OR = 1.35 - 1.54） and central obesity（ OR = 1.28 ） were main influencing factors to physical inactivity. Conclusion The majority of physical activities was at high level in Guangdong and mainly the occupational labor, and the proportion of recreational physical activity was low. The proportion of recreational physical activity should be increased and the level of vigorous intensity occupation should be decreased. There existed large difference in patterns of physical activity among different regions, gender and occupation. Rural area, male, aged and central obesity people should be focused on intervention.