广东省中学生跌倒伤的危险行为因素分析

Risk factors analysis for fall-related injury among middle school students in Guangdong Province

目的了解广东省中学生跌倒伤发生的危险因素,为预防与控制学生伤害提供科学依据。方法采用系统抽样方法在全省抽取21个地级市,选定的每个地级市随机抽取1个监测点,然后每个监测点随机选取重点中学、普通中学、中专/职业技术学校各1所,接着随机选取每所学校每个年级中的1～2个班级进行整群调查。应用中国疾病预防控制中心儿少/学校卫生中心所提供的《青少年健康危险行为监测》自填式问卷,收集学生的一般情况和伤害相关的危险行为(如骑车违规等)情况。运用2检验和二分类logistic回归统计分析。结果共调查20 568名中学生,发生跌倒伤2 038人,总发生率为9.9%,位列伤害的第3位;男生的跌倒伤发生率(12.1%)高于女生(7.8%),农村学生的跌倒伤发生率(11.1%)高于城市学生(8.1%)(均P<0.01)。通过二分类lo-gistic回归分析显示7种因素与跌倒伤有关系,分别为:有导致自己或他人受伤行为(OR=2.035)、有打架行为(OR=1.806)、有被欺辱(OR=1.718)、有自伤行为(OR=1.639)、曾有自杀行为(OR=1.601)、有骑车违规(OR=1.327)和母亲文化程度低(OR=1.108)。结论广东省中学生跌倒伤发生比例较高,危险行为与跌倒伤密切相关。应在学校开展健康教育与行为干预,预防与控制跌倒伤害发生。

Objective To identify potential risk factors of fall - related injury among high school students in Guangdong Province, and to provide evidence for injury prevention. Methods Twenty - one prefecture -level cities were selected from Guangdong Province using systematic sampling and one survey point was chosen randomly in each selected city. Then one key high school, one general high school and one vocational - technical high school were selected from each survey - point and one or two classes were selected as study points in each grade of selected schools. Information on students＇ demographic characteristics and injury - related risk behaviors （ such as violating rules when bicycling） were collected using the Questionnaire for Children＇s Health Behavior Survey designed by the Children and Adolescents/School Health Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A Chi - square test and logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis. Results A total of 20 568 students were surveyed and the incidence of fall- related injury was 9. 9%. The incidence of fall- related injury for boys （12. 1% ） was higher than that for girls （7.8%）, and for rural students＇（ 11.1% ） higher than that for urban ones （8. 1% ） （P 〈0. 01 ）. Fall was the third leading cause of non - fatal unintentional injury for high school students. Logistic regression models showed that seven factors were associated with fall - related injury. They were behaviors causing himself or others injured （ OR = 2. 035 ） , fighting behaviors （ OR = 1. 806 ） , being bullied （ OR = 1. 718）, self - injurious behaviors （ OR = 1. 639） , suicidal behaviors （ OR = 1. 601 ）, violating rules when bicycling （ OR = 1. 327）, and children＇s mother with lower educational attainment level （ OR = 1. 108 ）. Conclusion The prevalence of fall - related injury was quite high amdng high school students in Guangdong Province, and risk behaviors were closely related to fall - related injuries. Health education and behavioral intervention should be carried on to prevent fall -related injury in high schools.