长江草鱼♀×珠江草鱼♂杂交子一代与其亲本一龄阶段生长性能和体型分析(摘要)(英文)

Comparative Analysis on Growth and Morphology in Yangtze River ♀,Zhujiang River ♂ and Their F_1 Hybrids of Juvenile Grass Carp

[目的]研究杂交草鱼一龄阶段的生长和体型特点。[方法]建立长江自交YR(长江群体♀×长江群体♂)、珠江自交ZR(珠江群体♀×珠江群体♂)、杂交F1(长江群体♀×珠江群体♂)3个组合。为了避免前期生长差异对后期试验的影响,亲鱼催产至鱼苗下塘均同步进行,控制夏花培育过程养殖密度、养殖环境等条件保持一致;另一方面,到50日龄即对3个组合进行剪鳍标记同箱混养,克服不同网箱的影响。对3个组合鱼的生长和形态数据进行测量分析。体重(W)用电子天平测量,全长(TL)、体长(SL)、头长(HL)、体高(BH)和体宽(BW)用游标卡尺测量。绝对增重率AGR(g/d)=(W2-W1)/(t2-t1);超亲杂种优势HB(%)=(F1-BP)×100/BP。其中,AGR为50～170日龄的绝对增重率;W2-W1为饲养50～170d的体增重;t2-t1为两阶段的间隔天数;F1为杂交一代某性状的平均值;BP为优良亲本某性状的平均值。体型分析利用体长/全长、头长/全长、体高/体长及体宽/体长4个比例参数进行比较。[结果]体重、体长及绝对增重率均为F1>ZR>YR;体重、体长,在50日龄组合间差异不显著(P>0.05),在170日龄组合间差异均极显著(P<0.01);绝对增重率,F1分别比ZR、YR高20.00%、50.00%,F1与ZR差异不显著(P>0.05),与YR差异显著(P<0.05);F1在体重上表现明显的超亲杂种优势(20.09%)。3个组合间,体长/全长差异不显著(P>0.05),头长/全长、体高/体长及体宽/体长差异显著(P<0.05),F1表现头短、体高、体宽等特点。[结论]F1在生长性能和体型特征上均具有优势。

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and morphological characteristics of juvenile hybrids of grass carp. [Method] Three inbred generations of YR （Yangtze River stock ♀×Yangtze River stock ♂ ）, ZR （Zhujiang River stock ♀ ×Zhujiang River stock♂ ） and hybrids F1 （ Yangtze River stock ♀ × Zhujiang River stock ♂ ） were established, and their growth or morphological data were also measured. [ Result] The orders of body weight, standard length and absolute growth rate were F1 〉 ZR 〉 YR. No significant difference was found in body weight or standard length of 50 day-old generations （ P〉0. 05）, while there was an extremely significantly difference in those of 170 day-old generations （ P 〈0.01 ）. However, the absolute growth rate of F1 was 20.00% and 50.00% higher than that of ZR and YR respectively, and no significant difference was found between F1 and ZR （ P 〉 0.05）, but significant difference between F1 and YR （ P 〈 0.05）. F1 showed a significant hybrid vigor with rate of 20.09%. There was no significant difference among three inbred generations in standard length/total length （ P 〉 0.05）, while significant difference in head length/total length, body height/standard length and body width/standard length （ P 〈 0.05）, which indicated that F1 had the characteristics of shorter head, higher and wider body. [ Conclusion]F1 has advantages in growth performance and morphological characteristics.