秦汉罪犯押解制度

The System of Escorting the Criminals in the Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉政府对犯人的护送依据距离远近可分为短途押解和长途押解。短途押解的对象主要是刚被捕后送往附近狱所的罪犯,由专职的吏卒或自行缉拿犯人的百姓押送,施以绳索束缚。长途押解的对象为尚未终审判决之"囚"与服劳役之"徒",前者送往郡国治所或京师的法庭,后者押送服刑地点,皆以桎梏或锁链束缚。押解人员须凭借证明文书过往关津,住宿传舍、亭舍,有全程护送和更替押解的区别,国家并设有行程规定。

The system of escorting the criminals in the Qin and Hart Dynasties can be divided into short distance and long distance. The short distance escort means that the criminals after being arrested and bound up are taken under escort to the near jails by the prison officers or by the common people who arrested the criminals by themselves. Those, wearing fetters or chains, who have not received their final judgment or have sentenced to forced labour belong to the long distance escort, since the former will be taken under escort to the courts in the capitals, while the latter to the place they do the forced labour. The escort should depend on the official document to go through the passes and ferries, and to accommodate. Moreover, it can be whole journey escort or ahernativeescort. At the same time, there are also regulations on the journey.