康雍乾时期政府在河北地区的防灾抗灾措施

DISASTER REDUCTION AND PREVENTION MEASURE FOR HEBEI REGION DURING KANGXI,YONGZHENG AND QIANLONG DYNASTIES

康雍乾时期河北地区水旱农业灾害爆发频繁,影响了农民正常的经济生活,加强了农民贫困化的趋势。但由于河北地区政治经济地位重要,政府重视该地区的抗灾工作,通过灾前预防和灾后减灾等措施,使传统农民具有了一定的抗灾能力,抗灾减灾工作取得了显著效果。在传统封建小农经济下,农民很难完全依靠自身力量抗御水旱灾害,为了达到恢复稳定生产和生活的目的,良好的社会与制度环境是必不可少的。

Agricultural disasters, such as flood and drought, appeared frequently in Hebei region during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, which influenced the normal life of the farmers and intensified their pauperization. Owing to the economic and political weight of Hebei, the government paid much attention to the relief work in this region and gained evident effect, and traditional farmers owned certain abilities to defend against disasters under the disaster reduction and prevention measure. Under the condition of traditional feudal small-scale peasant economy, it was very difficult for farmers to defend against disasters by themselves. Therefore, it was necessary to have a good social and political environment for stable agricultural production and habitation.