试析北魏门阀制度的“先天不足”

On "Congenital Deficiencies" of the System of Hereditary Aristocracy of the Northern Wei Dynasty

北魏的门阀制度,自孝文帝推行之日起,就与魏晋南朝的门阀制度有很大的不同,具有其独特的特点,而这些特点恰恰显示出这一制度发展的先天不足。文中从四个方面概述了北魏门阀制度的缺陷,并试图从这些特点中窥见这一制度很快衰落的原因。

The system of hereditary aristocracy of the Northern Wei Dynasty is different from the system of hereditary aristocracy of the Wei and Jin and Southern Dynasties since the date of implementation by Emperor Xiaowen, which has its own unique characteristics. Those characteristics show this system＇s congenital deficiencies. This article provides an overview of the system＇s defects from four aspects, and tries to find the reasons for the decline from the features.