2008年张掖市农村饮用水卫生状况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of rural drinking water quality in Zhangye in 2008

目的：了解张掖市农村生活饮用水水质动态变化及其影响因素。方法：2008年对张掖市6县区进行了农村生活饮用水卫生状况调查,包括水源类型、取水方式、水质处理、饮用人口,每县随机抽取12-16个监测点,不同类型的水样采集数根据供水方式的饮用人口比例确定,于枯水期（3-5月）、丰水期（7-9月）,进行水样采集、保存、分析和评价。结果：农村人口1002036人,饮用集中式供水的占81.80%,以地下水深井为主要水源;饮用分散式供水的占18.20%,以地下水浅井为主要水源,张掖市农村生活饮用水以地下水为主要水源。饮用未经任何处理饮用水的人口为94.34%。集中式供水枯水期、丰水期合格率为53.64%、69.09%;分散式供水为36.36%、25.64%,丰、枯水期集中式供水合格率高于分散式供水,集中式与分散式供水丰水期监测结果有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。超标指标主要为总硬度、菌落总数、总大肠菌群。结论：张掖市农村生活饮用水水质合格率较低,基本没有水处理及消毒措施。微生物污染是主要原因。

Objective：To understand and master the dynamic changes and contributing factors of Zhangye rural drinking water quality.Methods：Six counties in Zhangye were chosen to investigatate rural drinking water quality including the types of water source,the way of water supply,drinking water treatments and population,There were 12-16 monitoring sites in each county,the numbers of different water samples were determined according to the population of users with different types of water supply modes,The water samples were collected and tested,conserved,analyzed andevaluated,in the dry season（March-May） and rainy season（July-September） respectively.Results：Of 1002036 rural population,81.80% of rural population used water from centralized water supply systems,The water source was mainly the deep layer underground water,18.20% used separate water supply.94.34% of rural population consumed the water which was not treated.In dry season and rainy season,the eligible rate of central water supply was 53.64%,69.09%,it was 36.36%,25.64%.The total colony count,total coliform group,total hardness were often seen exceeded the related limit.Conclusion：The drinking water quality in the rural area of Zhangye is at lower level and microorganism contamination is a main factor.