聋儿的创造思维能力及相关因素

Creative Thinking of Deaf Children and its Related Factors

目的:了解聋儿与正常儿童创造思维能力的差异,探讨相关因素对聋儿创造思维能力的影响。方法:在沈阳和大连两地,方便选取4所特殊教育学校,随机抽取年龄8～16周岁的听力残疾学生122名;方便选取2所普通小学和2所普通中学,随机抽取年龄8～16周岁正常听力学生122名。用新编创造思考测验和瑞文测验联合型进行测试。结果:①聋儿组的语文流畅力、语文变通力、语文独创力、图形变通力得分及IQ值均低于正常儿童组[如,IQ值(101.05±1.196)vs.(105.01±1.102),P=0.030],而图形精进力得分高于正常儿童组[(3.24±0.40)vs.(1.96±0.22),P=0.006]。②聋儿语文流畅力、语文独创力均与年龄呈正相关(β=0.310,0.301;P<0.001或0.01),语文变通力与双语教育年限呈正相关(β=0.308,P<0.001),图形流畅力、图形变通力、图形独创力、图形精进力均与手语使用年限呈正相关(β=0.321,0.308,0.228,0.456;P<0.01或0.05)。结论:聋儿的语文创造思维能力和图形变通力差于正常儿童,图形精进力好于正常儿童,而图形流畅力、独创力与正常儿童无差异;手语是聋儿图形创造思维能力的主要相关因素。

Objective： To explore the difference in creative thinking and the related factors between deaf children and normal children. Methods： Observation group （ n = 122 ） with the heating disability students were selected from 4 special education schools. Control group （ n = 122 ） was come from 2 ordinary primary schools and 2 ordinary middle schools. The two groups were given both the New Creativity Test and the Combined Raven＇s Test. Results： （ 1 ） Deaf children got lower scores than normal children in verbal fluency [ （7.76 ± 0. 75 ） vs. （ 12.98 ± 0. 59 ）, P 〈 0. 001 ], verbal flexibility [ （ 4. 28 ±0. 33 ） vs. （ 7.87 ± 0. 28 ）, P 〈 0. 001 ], verbal originality [ （ 7. 16 ± 0.89） vs. （11.35±0.72）, P〈0.001], figural flexibility [ （9.69±0.35） vs. （11.10±0.31）, P=0.003] andlQ [ （101.05±1.196） vs. （105.01±1.102）, P=0.030] .Deaf children got higher scores than normal children in figural elaboration [ （ 3.24± 0.40 ） vs. （ 1.96 ± 0. 22 ）, P = 0. 006 ] . There was no significant difference in fluency and originality of flgural task between the two groups. （ 2 ） Deaf children＇s scores of verbal fluency and verbal originality were positively correlated with their age （ β = 0. 310, 0. 301 ; Ps 〈 0. 01 ） . Deaf children＇s scores of verbal flexibility were positively correlated with length of bilingual education （ β= 0. 308, P 〈 0. 001 ） Deaf children＇s scores of figural fluency, flgural flexibility, figural originalityand figural elaboration were correlated positively with their age of sign language （ β = 0. 321, 0. 308, 0. 228, 0. 456 ; Ps 〈 0. 05） . Conclusions ： （ 1 ） Deaf children are lower than normal children in verbal fluency, verbal flexibility, verbal originality, figural flexibility, and are higher in figural elaboration. There is no difference in figural fluency and originality between them. （ 2 ） Sign language is a major related factor to deaf children＇s figural creative thinking.