江苏省小麦品种更替过程中主要农艺性状的演变

Changes of Main Agronomic Traits with Cultivar Replacement of Wheat in Jiangsu Province,China

以江苏省1950～2006年间种植过的312个品种作为研究对象,分析江苏省小麦主要农艺性状的演变规律,2年的研究结果表明,小麦种子产量随年代呈线性增加。根据回归方程计算,产量从1952年的765 kg/hm^2增加到2006年的4714 kg/hm^2,56年来增加了3494 kg/hm^2,平均每年增加73 kg/hm^2。随着产量的增加,株高显著降低;千粒重显著增加,且在35～52 g的范围内波动;蛋白质含量和赖氨酸含量显著上升;湿面筋含量变化不显著;生育期有所提前,中早、中熟品种逐渐占据主导地位;春冬性有所加强,形成了淮南麦区以春性、偏春性品种占主导地位和淮北麦区以弱冬性品种占主导地位的格局。本研究的目的是通过分析小麦品种主要农艺性状的演变,为我省小麦育种和生产提供一定的理论依据和参考。

The changes of the agronomic traits indicated that wheat yield exhibited a linear increase with years by analyzing 312 varieties planted in Jiangsu Province from 1950-2006.According to the regression equation,it increased to 4714 kg/hm2 in 2006 compared to 765 kg/hm2 in 1952,and the average increase was 73 kg/hm2 per year.With the increasing of wheat yield,plant height was shortened significantly;1000-grain weight fluctuated between 35-52 g,protein and lysine content significantly increased;wet gluten content changed little;growing period advanced,middle-early ripen and middle cultivars occupied a dominant position gradually;springness and winterness were strengthened which resulted in springness,meta springness and meta winterness varieties were the leading position in Huainan and Huaibei,respectively.The objective of this study was to provide some theoretical basis for wheat breeding and production.