反Q滤波技术在叠前地震资料处理中的应用

Application of anti-Q filter technology for prestack seismic data processing

大地滤波作用引起地震波振幅和频率的吸收衰减,反Q滤波技术就是针对大地滤波作用对地震数据进行的补偿处理,从而校正地震子波相位的拉伸、补偿地震波振幅和频率的损失。文章讨论的反Q滤波技术是以Futterman数学模型为理论基础,采用从浅到深分时窗的方式对地震数据进行Q值扫描,同时应用研究区重点井位的测井数据对每一次的扫描结果进行约束和评价。由于反Q滤波对振幅补偿会导致高频噪音的增强,降低信噪比,因此在实际应用中仅对相位进行补偿处理。从QMQ地区地震资料的应用效果来看,反Q滤波处理后的地震数据更好的满足了反褶积处理的前提条件,改善了地震剖面的成像质量,并使处理结果与测井数据有相当好的可对比性。

It is well known that the earth filter can result in the absorption and attenuation of amplitude and frequency of seismic wave. The anti-Q filter technology aims at studying how to compensate the attenuation in amplitude,frequency and phase caused by earth filter. The technology of Q compensation discussed in this paper is based on the Futterman's mathematics model. Time variant Q sweeping is applied to the seismic data according to the different time window from the shallow to the deep. The results of Q sweeping,which only phase compensation is applied,are valued by the well data in the research area. According to the effect of Q compensation applied to the seismic data in QMQ area,we can come to conclusions that Q compensation can make seismic data meet the precondition for deconvolution,improve the quality of seismic imaging,and better the results of comparison between seismic data and well data.