大鼠脂肪肝成模过程中肝组织结构变化

The changes of hepatic histology in the progression of fatty liver in rats

目的:系统了解大鼠脂肪肝成模过程中肝组织结构变化。方法:用四氯化碳皮下注射法构建大鼠脂肪肝模型,按常规方法制备肝组织石蜡切片并镜检肝组织结构。结果:建模第1周大鼠肝脏中央静脉周围细胞内出现密集小脂滴,细胞有聚集和坏死现象。从第4周开始中央静脉周围脂变细胞越来越多,细胞内脂滴越来越大,细胞亦变大,同时出现炎症细胞浸润和纤维性增生。第8周时肝窦狭窄,肝叶的大部分细胞发生脂变,大脂滴居多,脂肪性肝炎和肝纤维化加重。第10周时脂变细胞达90%以上,其所含的绝大部分脂滴为大脂滴,将细胞核挤向一边。第12周时肝小叶结构完全消失,伴有假小叶形成和肝硬化早期症状。第15周时肝脏明显皱缩且与周围组织粘连严重,假小叶内出现纤维再分隔和肝细胞再生小结节,肝硬化加剧。脂变细胞内近80%的脂滴为大脂滴。第20周时肝脏颜色暗灰,肝叶完全粘连,结节明显,假小叶内的肝细胞干酪样坏死严重。结论:用四氯化碳皮下注射法构建大鼠脂肪肝模型方便有效,肝组织结构和肝脏病理变化有规律,易于观察分析,值得推广应用。

Objective ：To explore systematically the changes of hepatic histology in the progression of fatty liver in rats. Methods： Rat model of fatty liver was induced by injecting carbon tetrachloride subcutaneously. The hepatic tissue was embedded in paraffin wax and sliced according to the routine method and its histology was observed through a microscope. Results：There were dense lipid droplets around the central venules and phenomena of cell necrosis and condensation in the first modeling week. More steatosis and hypertrophic cells and bigger lipid droplets emerged nearby central venules in the fourth week. Simultaneously infiltration of inflammatory cells and fiber hyperplasia came forth. In the eighth week, not only a majority of cells in hepatic lobues had steatosis, but also the steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis were aggravated. Synchronously the sinusoidal became narrow markedly. Steatosis cells amounted to 90% and the prevailing big fat granules squeezed nuclei aside in the tenth week. The structure of hepatis lohulis vanished with the formation of pseudotobulis andappearance of forepart hepatocirrhosis symptom in the twelfth week. In the fifteenth week liver crimpled obviously and conglutinated with tissue around exasperatedly. Hepatocirrhosis worsened because of the separation of pseudolobulis by fibre septa and the appearance of tubers of regenerative cells. The gray liver protuberated distinctly and its lobules conglutinated with each other in the twentieth week. Hepatocytes in pseudolobulis presented typical caseous necrosis. Conclusion ：Inducing rat model of fatty liver by injecting carbon tetrachloride subcutaneously is economical and convenient. The changes of hepatic histology and pathology are so regular and easy to be observed and analyzed that this rat model of fatty liver is worthy to be popularized and applied.