北京市环境质量改善的居民支付意愿研究

Residents′ willingness to pay for improving environmental quality in Beijing City

以北京市空气质量与地表水环境质量改善的经济评价为例,采用开放式问卷的意愿调查价值评估法（CVM）,通过2004年与2007年2次调查,研究了居民对环境质量改善最大支付意愿（WTP）的影响因素及变化趋势.结果表明,居民对北京空气质量和地表水环境质量改善的平均最大WTP分别从2004年的83.52-93.48,71.28-84.84元/年,提高至2007年的366.48-399.48,302.52-366.72元/年;最大WTP占家庭收入的比例分别从2004年的0.28%,0.24%,提高至2007年的1.63%-1.78%,1.35%-1.64%,居民对于工资扣除形式的支付方式的接受程度逐渐提高;收入、年龄、受教育程度以及环境介质接触程度等因素对居民环境质量改善最大WTP的影响显著.

Monetary values on environmental quality in Beijing using contingent valuation method （CVM） were studied. Two surveys were conducted to find residents＇ willingness-to-pay （WTP） for improving air and water quality in 2004 and 2007. The questionnaire was designed in an open-ended manner. The payment vehicle was a direct payroll deduction. The annual mean WTP increased significantly in four years. Residents were willing to contribute a greater portion of their incomes to improve the environment in 2007 than in 2004. Income, age, education and exposures to the environment had significant impacts on the WTP. CVM had gradually become a feasible non-market valuation approach in China.