上海市能源消费CO_2排放清单与碳流通图

The energy related carbon dioxide emission inventory and carbon flow chart in Shanghai City

基于上海市能源统计数据,参照IPCC(2006)方法,测算了上海市能源CO2排放清单,并绘制了2007年上海市碳流通图.结果表明,上海市能源相关的CO2排放总量从1995年的1.10亿t增长到2007年的2.01亿t,期间年均增长率为5.0%.其中"交通"对应的CO2排放量增长最为迅速,年均增长率达15.1%;而"热电厂"的CO2排放量增幅逐渐变缓,其原因为近年上海市外来电力比重增大.2007年"热电厂"、"工业与建筑业"、"交通"、"商业"、"居民生活"与"农业"各部分CO2排放分担率分别为35.4%、34.4%、23.8%、4.0%、2.0%、0.4%.由2007年上海市碳流通图可见,15.6%的煤炭直接由终端使用,这不利于能源效率的提高与污染物的减排;成品油存在较多的交叉流通,若能够减少不必要的流通,不但能够缓解成品油的运输,还能够减少其在转运过程中的输配损失.

An inventory of energy related CO2 emissions in Shanghai City from 1995 to 2007 and the 2007 Shanghai carbon flow chart were completed based on the IPCC reference approach and Shanghai energy statistical data. With an annual average growth rate of 5.0%, the energy related CO2 emissions in Shanghai increased from 110 million tones in 1995 to 201 million tones in 2007. The largest annual CO2 emission growth rate was from transportation sector, with 15.1% increase per year. CO2 emissions growth rate in power plant sector has slowed down in recent years due to the increase of imported electricity. The shares of CO2 emissions in sectors of power plant, industry and construction, transportation, commercial, residential and agricultural sectors were 35.4%, 34.4%, 23.8%, 4.0%, 2.0% and 0.4% respectively in 2007. The 2007 Shanghai carbon flow chart showed that 15.6% of coal was directly consumed in end sectors, which was not beneficial to energy saving and emission reduction. There were great double flows within petroleum products. The transportation and distribution loss of petroleum products could be relieved by reducing the unnecessary energy related carbon flows.