长白落叶松和樟子松等五种树种抗旱性的比较

Drought Resistance of Larix olgensis Henry and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica etc.

为研究树木的抗旱机制，文中对长白落叶松、樟子松、红皮云杉、油松和水曲柳的抗旱性进行了探讨。结果表明，自然失水不同时期，各树种的水分参数不同，其变化速率也不同。各时期均以水曲柳和落叶松失水速率最大，红皮云杉次之，樟子松和油松失水速率最小；与之相关的各树种其它水分参数变化由快到慢的顺序也如此。落叶松和水曲柳的质膜相对透性较小，樟子松和红皮云杉较大，油松质膜相对透性居中；脱水对各树种叶绿素代谢的影响由强到弱依次为水曲柳、红皮云杉／油松、樟子松和落叶松。落叶松与樟子松的抗旱机制不同，落叶松属于忍耐脱水耐旱树种，而樟子松属于延迟脱水耐旱树种，水曲柳与落叶松相似，油松与樟子松相似，红皮云杉抗旱机制属中间类型。

In order to approach the mechanism of drought resistance, the drought resistane of Larix olgensis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica etc. were studied, the results indicate that at different period of natural loss of water, water parameters of different tree species were different, and their change speed were different either. At all period, the speed of water loss was the biggest in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr and Larix olgensis Henry; that in Picea koraiensis Nakai came second, and that in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. was the smallest. The speed of water loss had a direct bearing on other water parameters. The relative permeability of cell membrane was the smallest in Larix olgensis and Fraxinus mandshurica , that in Pinus tabulaeformis came second, and that in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Picea koraiensis was the biggest. The order of the influence of dehydration on chlorophyll metabolism of different tree species from big to small was Fraxinus mandshurica , Picea koraiensis/Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Larix olgensis. The mechanism of drought resistance in Larix olgensis and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica was different. Larix olgensis was drought-enduring tree species of dehydration-enduring; while Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was drought-enduring tree species of dehydration-deferring. The mechanism of drought resistance in Picea koraiensis belonged to middle pattern, that in Fraxinus mandshurica was similar to Larix olgensis, while that in Pinus tabulaeformis was similar to Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica.