中国与印度国际竞争力的比较与解释

Comparing and Explaining the Respective International Competitiveness of China and India

本文首先对中印两国经济社会总体发展状况进行了比较,认为无论从经济指标还是从社会指标考察,中国均比印度处于更高的发展阶段。对两国制造业国际竞争力的分析比较表明,中国制造业的国际竞争力总体上强于印度。对两国服务业国际竞争力的研究表明:其一,在大多数年份,印度服务业的综合国际竞争力强于中国;其二,中国服务业国际竞争力的提升主要来源于竞争优势。虽然中国服务业综合竞争力弱于印度,但实际中国服务业的竞争优势始终强于印度,只是由于中国制造业发展速度更快,才使得中国服务业的比较优势弱于印度。文章最后从劳动力素质、基础设施、政府作用、社会异质性、宗教文化、海外侨民六个方面分析了中印之间竞争力存在差异的原因。

This article compares the overall international economic competitiveness between China and India. Be it from economic indicators or social surveys, China is currently at a higher level of developmental stage than India. In terms of their relative international competitiveness in the manufacturing sector, China exhibits stronger overall international competitiveness than India. Service sector-wise, two observations are pertinent： first, in most years, the service sector in India is more competitive internationally than that in China; second, the main source of China ＇s international competitiveness in the service sector lies in its competitive advantage. Although China＇s overall competitiveness of its service sector is weaker than that in India, its competitive advantage is far greater, meanwhile its comparative advantage is weaker than that of India because of the rapid development of China＇s manufacturing sector. Towards the end, the article explains the differences in economic competitiveness between China and India from six approaches： quality of labor, basic infrastructure, government＇ s role, societal heterogeneity, religion and culture, and the effects of diasporas.