与四倍体杂交的无核葡萄胚珠培养获得三倍体植株

OVULE CULTURE TO OBTAIN TRIPLOID PROGENY FROM CROSSES BETWEEN SEEDLESS CULTIVARS AND TETRAPLOID GRAPES

以四倍体葡萄为父本，与二倍体无核葡萄杂交，取其胚珠培养获得三倍体植珠。胚珠培养的三倍体胚发育率为3．0％～8．3％，成苗率为0．5％～5．0％。根尖细胞染色体计数57条。在圃场内栽培的三倍体植株花而不稔。用GA325mg／L处理可获得良好的果穗。试验表明，无核葡萄胚珠培养是葡萄三倍体育种的一条新途径。

The diploid seedless grapes‘Himrod’and‘Canadice’(Vitis vinifera ×V. labrusca )were crossed with a tetraploid pollen parent‘Kyoho’(V. vinifera × V. labrusce)and the hybrid triploid plants were obtained by means of in vitro ovule culture. The rates of surviving embryos and regenerated plantlets were 3.0％ ~ 8.3％ and 0.5％~ 5.0％, respectively. Root tip cells of plantlets derived from diploid ×tetraploid grapes had 57 chromosomes. Ovule culture-derived plants have been established for progeny test in vineyard. Five plants produced flowers in 1995, but all of them were unfruitful. Well fruitful grape clusters were obtained by treating inflorescences with 25 mg/L gibberellic acid solution at full bloom-stage and postflowering stage. Ovule culture of seedless grape can be considered as a new useful way for triploid grape breeding.