蛋氨酸铁螯合物对仔猪缺铁性贫血及生长的影响

EFFECT OF IRON-METHOININE CHELATE ON NUTRITION ANEMIA AND GROWTH OF PIGLETS

采用2×3析因法研究了18头母猪饲粮添加不同铁源与注射铁剂补铁对仔猪缺铁性贫血及生长的影响。在母猪妊娠93d至哺乳21d日粮中分别添加0，60mg／kg硫酸亚铁和60mg／kg蛋氨酸铁，仔猪哺乳期日粮中分别添加0，100mg／kg硫酸亚铁和100mg／kg蛋氨酸铁；注射补铁采用同窝仔猪不注射与注射右旋糖着铁2mL两种方法。试验结果表明，添加蛋氨酸铁后能够显著提高仔猪初生时血清铁、血红蛋白浓度、肝脾和初乳含铁量及仔猪哺乳期血红蛋白和血清铁浓度（P＜0．05），且血红蛋白始终维持在8g／100mL以上，仔猪生长明显提高，有效地预防了仔猪缺铁性贫血的发生；仔猪注射铁剂后，血红蛋白浓度明显提高（P＜0．05）；而添加蛋氨酸铁后再注射铁剂，血红蛋白未见明显提高（P＞0．05）。试验同时表明，日粮中添加硫酸亚铁后，仔猪血红蛋白、血清铁浓度等未见提高（P＞0．05），仔猪发生严重贫血。讨论了日粮添加蛋氨酸铁预防仔猪贫血的主要途径：①铁通过母猪胎盘转移到胎儿体内，增加铁储；②铁通过母乳传递给仔猪；③仔猪从采食饲料中持续地获得易于吸收利用的蛋氨酸铁。

The test was conducted with 18 sows and their offsprings, various iron sources as an oral supplement were added to the sow rations (0, 60 mg/kg FeSO4, 60mg/kg iron-methionine chetaled (MFe) ) during the late gestation and early lactation period,and to the piglet starter rations (0, 100 mg/kg FeSO4, 100 mg/kg MFe)before weaning, half of the piglets from each litter were injected with 100 mg Fe in the form Fe dextran at 3 days age and the another half of the piglets were not injected for researching the effects of MFe on iron-deficiency anemia and growth of piglets.The test results show that MFe as an oral supplement can significantly elevate the level of serum iron, Hb, liver iron and spleen iron of the piglets at birth (P＜0. 05) and Fe contents of colostrum of the sows (P＜0. 05). When adding FeSO4 to the sow and piglet rations only,there are no significant differences (P＞0. 05) between FeSO4 group and control group in the contents of serum iron and Hb values. Moreover, when adding MFe to the ration,not only the content of serum iron and Hb value of the piglets in the MFe group are apparently higher than those in the FeSO4 group and control group,but the Hb values can also maintain a level of above 8 g/100mL before weaning.For the effects of injection with Fe dextran, it is found that in the control group and FeSO4 group,the Hb values of the piglets injected with Fe dextran are apparently higher than those of the piglets not injected with Fe dextran (P＜0. 05). And in the MFe group,the Hb values of the piglets injected with Fe dextran are slightly higher than those of the piglets not injected with Fe dextran (P＞0. 05),but slightly lower than those of the piglets from the control group which have received Fe dextran (P＞0. 05). The test results show that adding MFe to the sow and piglet rations can effectively prevent the occurrence of piglet anemia without injection of any Fe dextran and improve the growth of piglets, while only adding FeSO4 to the sow and piglet rations will decrease the Hb values of the piglets and the anemia will not be prevented.There are three approaches to preventing the occurrence of piglets anemia with MFe. ①Iron is contributed to fetus through fetal placenta and so increases the fetus iron deposition.②Iron is contributed to piglets from milk of sow. ③The more utilizable and absorbable MFe is fed as a piglet feed supplement.