草莓促成栽培用新品种“申旭”的选育及其主要特性

SHENXU",A NEW STRAWBERRY VARIETY FOR FORCING CULTURE

适于设施栽培的鲜食草莓新品种“申旭”由中日合作课题组于1991～1997年间育成。该品种株型直立，生长势强；侧芽形成容易，匍匐茎发生量多于“丰香”；自然条件下顶花序的花芽分化期在9月中旬，比“丰香”略早，果实成熟期比“丰香”早12d以上；植株对定植前的夏季低温成花诱导的反应比“丰香”更敏感；普通促成栽培时植株的早期产量及总产量较“丰香”高26．77％～39．33％，定植年内产量更明显高于“丰香”；果实圆锥形、整齐，果皮鲜红，富光泽；鲜食甜酸适度，口味极佳；对炭疽病的抵抗性与“宝交早生”相近，但强于“丰香”；植株休眠性浅，花序长，定植后无需赤霉素处理；在冬季寒冷的地区，“申旭”不宜露地栽培与半促成栽培。

A new fresh fruit-eating strawberry variety “Shenxu”suitable for forcing culture was released by a Sino-Japanese collaborative research group in 1997. The plants of 'Shenxu' are erect with growth as vigorous as the standard cultivar“Toyonoka”; the lateral buds of plants are formed easier and more runners are shown compared with “Toyonoka”;the flower bud of terminal cluster becomes differentiated in the middle of September,a few daysearlier compared with Toyonoka and the maturing period is earlier about over 12 days thanthat of 'Toyonoka' under natural conditions in Shanghai. By comparison with'Toyonoka',the sensitivity of 'Shenxu' plant to low-temperature treatment in summer before transplanting for flower bud induction is higher,the early or total fruit yield in normal forcing culture is26. 77% or 39. 33% higher,the yield until the end of December is also obviously higher; theaverage fruit size is slightly smaller,but larger than that of 'Hokowase',one of the leadingvarieties in semi-forcing,forcing and open culture in Shanghai. The fruit shape is uniformlyconical and the fruit skin is shiny scarlet,the sugar and ascorbic acid contents are moderateand the flesh texture is suitable for fresh fruit consumption. 'Shenxu'also shows a higher resistance to anthracnose compared with 'Toyonoka', it is not adapted to semi-forcing andopen culture in cooler regions in winter and spring, but may be suitable for open culture inSouth China areas; in addition,it is not necessary to spray gibberellin before cluster emergence because of its shallow dormancy and long clusters.