ICU院内感染现状分析

Analysis of Nosocomial Infection in ICU

目的对ICU院内感染的现状进行分析,以寻找对策减少院内感染的发生率。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至10月ICU收治316例患者的院内感染情况。结果院内感染共发生61例,占19.03%,死亡21例。ICU住院患者感染部位以呼吸道感染最多,占81.96%,其次是泌尿道感染。共检出致病菌145株,其中革兰氏染色阴性菌75株,占51.72%;革兰氏染色阳性菌38株,占26.21%;真菌32株,占22.07%。前4位致病菌分别为:铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白念珠菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌。结论院内感染以呼吸道感染为主,致病菌构成以革兰氏染色阴性菌为主,真菌感染呈上升趋势,ICU应加强管理,根据医院内感染的高危因素,严格无菌操作,合理使用抗生素,保护易感人群,减少院内感染的发生率。

Objective On the status of nosocomial infection in ICU for analysis to find countermeasures to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.Methods Retrospective analysis of 316 cases of nosocomial infections in ICU from 2007.1 to 2007.10.Results 61 cases occurred nosocomial infections（19.03%）,21 patients died. The most of patients with nosocomial infections was respiratory tract infection（81.96%）,followed by urinary tract infection.145 pathogen strains were detected,including gram-negative bacilli（75, 51.72%）,Gram-positive bacteria（38,20.21%）,fungi（32,22.07%）.The major bacteria were pseudomonas semginosa, staplyloeoccus sureus, candida albicans and klebsiella pneumoniae.Conclusion Respiratory tract infection was majority cause of nosocomial infections The major pathogens in ICU were gram--negative bacilli and fungi infection were increased in recent years. ICU should strengthen management, including strict aseptic operation,the rational use of antibiotics,the protection of vulnerable populations in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.