南阳烤烟矿质元素及化学成分次适宜因子与土壤生态因子的典型相关分析

Canonical correlation analyses of sub-suitable mineral elements and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaf with soil ecosystem index in Nanyang

为了解南阳烤烟矿质元素及主要化学成分次适宜因子及其与土壤生态因子的关系,选取代表南阳不同生态类型的13个样点的土壤样品和烟叶样品,以及2个津巴布韦、14个巴西的优质烟样,测定烟样矿质元素及化学成分与土壤生态因子。对优质烟与南阳烤烟间矿质元素及主要化学成分指标的比较表明,南阳烤烟矿质元素及主要化学成分次适宜因子为磷、钾、钙、钠、烟碱、总糖、还原糖、淀粉。对次适宜因子与土壤生态因子进行典型相关分析的结果表明,在一定范围内,随着土壤锌含量提高,烟叶还原糖呈显著增加趋势而烟碱呈显著减少趋势;土壤氨化菌数减少、硝化菌数增加,烟叶烟碱显著增加而总糖、淀粉、磷含量显著减少;随土壤放线菌数减少、解钾菌数增加,烟叶还原糖含量增加;随土壤铜含量提高,烟叶钙、钠含量减少;随土壤硝化菌数减少、真菌数增加,烟叶钙含量呈增加趋势而钠含量呈减少趋势。改良土壤特别是改良土壤微生物性状可望改善烟叶质量。

Soil ecosystem indexes, leaf mineral elements and chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco from 13 different ecotypes of Nanyang tobacco cultivation area were analyzed along with 16 high-quality tobacco leaf samples from Brazil and Zimbabwe tobacco cultivation areas. Comparison of mineral elements and leaf chemical compositions from Nanyang and the high-quality tobacco shows that P, K, Ca and Na are the main sub-suitable mineral elements and that nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar and starch contents are the main sub-suitable chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco in Nanyang. Canonical correlation between sub-suitable mineral elements, tobacco leaf chemical compositions and soil ecosystem indexes was conducted. The results show that increasing soil Zn （to a certain range） increases reducing sugar while decreasing nicotine content in tobacco leaf. With the reduction of amonifier amount and increment of nitrifier amount in the soil, tobacco leaf nicotine content significantly increases, while total sugar, starch and P decrease. Reducing sugar content of tobacco leaf increases with decreasing soil actinomycetes and increasing silicatebacteria. Ca and Na content of tobacco leaf is highly negatively correlated with soil Cu content. While tobacco leaf Ca content increases, Na content decreases with decreasing amount of soil nitrifier and increasing amount of soil eumycetesr. We conclude that soil, especially soil microbe characteristics, improvement enhances tobacco leaf quality.