呼伦贝尔草原地区牧民生态意识调查

A survey of herdsmen’s ecological consciousness in Hulunbeier grassland

为真实了解草原生态脆弱区牧民生态观念和生态意识水平,以内蒙古呼伦贝尔陈巴尔虎旗为研究区域,本文对牧民的草原生态保护知识、牧民对草原生态破坏及草原生态保护的理解水平与态度、对草原生态保护的现实理解以及牧民的草原生态保护预期行为水平5项内容进行了调查与访谈。结果表明,尽管不同年龄、不同民族、不同文化程度牧民的生态意识水平具有较大差异,但都表现出"知"相对较强,"意"与"行"相对较弱的情况,"知"、"意"、"行"3层次上存在相互脱节状况。要改善这一状况,提高生态文明水平,不仅要加强生态教育,更重要的是通过加强草地生态保护的基础设施建设、政策与法律建设,实施经济性惩罚等措施以提高生态意识的"意"、"行"水平。

To access the ecological consciousness of herdsmen in ecological frangibility of grassland areas, an ecological consciousness survey was conducted under the auspices of Chenbaerhu in Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia. This survey items included knowledge, perception and attitude of herdsmen towards grassland protection, perception on degradation of grassland environment, and reality and expected behavior of grassland protection. The survey shows that herdsmen’s levels of ecological consciousness vary with age, nationality and education. However, the level of knowledge, willingness and conduct of the herdsmen regarding ecological consciousness is dissymmetrical. The level of knowledge is higher than the level of willingness, which is in turn higher than the level of conduct. To improve this situation and develop a conservation culture, it is admittedly necessary not only to strengthen education and training about grassland ecology and environment, but also to motivate the willingness and conduct by strengthened infrastructures of grassland protection, and improved policies and legal systems.