黑龙江大沾河湿地自然保护区鸟类群落结构调查及其多样性分析

Avian Community Investigation and Diversity in Heilongjiang Dazhanhe Nature Reserve

采用样线法与网捕法对黑龙江大沾河自然保护区的鸟类资源进行调查,并计算其物种多样性、均匀性及不同生境群落间的相似性。结果表明:大沾河自然保护区共有鸟类16目39科203种,其中雀形目鸟类16科92种,非雀形目鸟类111种,种类较多的科有鹟科、雀科、鸭科、鹬科等。保护区分布的鸟类中,古北种占绝对优势(65.52%),广布种次之(30.54%),东洋界物种极少(3.94%)。4种群落类型中,多样性指数排序:湿地>林地>农田>居民点;均匀性指数排序:湿地>林地>农田>居民点;相似性排序:居民点-农田(S=0.25),湿地-林地(S=0.23),农田-湿地(S=0.14)和居民点-林地(S=0.07)。

Line transects and netting sampling methods were used to investigate avian resources in Dazhanhe Nature Reserve. Species diversity, evenness and the comparability index between different habitat communities were calculated. There were 203 avian species in Dazhanhe Nature Reserve, of which 92 Asseriformes species and 110 non-Asseriformes species were found, and composed mainly of Muscicapidae, Anatidae and Scolopacidae. Birds of the Palaearctic realm represented a higher proportion （65.52%） of avian species in Dazhanhe nature reserve, common species were less （30.54%） and little from Oriental realm （3.94%） were represented. For species diversity index of the four communities, the rank was wetland 〉 forests 〉 cropland 〉 residents, the evenness index was ranked by wetland 〉 forests 〉 cropland 〉 residents ; the comparability index was ranked by residents-cropland （ S = 0. 25 ） 〉 wetland-forests （ S = 0.23 ） 〉 wetland-cropland （ S = 0. 14 ） 〉 residents-forests（ S = 0. 07 ）.