论马尔凯对默顿科学规范的批判

On Marcle's Critiques to Morton's Scientific Principles

默顿提出了科学的数种精神特质,但在对优先权的矛盾心理的论述中,我们看到默顿提出的科学的诸规范并不能解释这种现象。尽管默顿也提出了反规范来弥补这一缺陷,但在马尔凯看来,这似乎是于事无补的。马尔凯认为,不管是功能主义者的正规范,还是如米特罗夫的提出的两种并行存在的规范,认为它们可以提供控制科学界中社会生活的规则这一点,并不存在任何必然性的理由。在实际中,科学家们并没有受着这种正规范或反规范的影响与决定。马尔凯指出我们不能把知识的生产看做是遵从任何一套特定的规范形式的简单结果。相反,把科学规范看作是研究者在获得他们自己的和他们同行的磋商性意义的过程中所使用的词汇更为妥当。

Morton has provided us with several spiritual characteristics of science, but in his statement of priority＇s ambivalence,we can find out that the scientific principles provided by Morton can＇t explain this phenomenon. Although Morton has also offered some anti-principles to make up this disadvantage,but it seems that Marcle doesn＇t think it is effective. Marcle thinks that neither the positive principles of the functionalism nor the two paralyzing principles provided by Miterlorph have necessarily offered social life principles in scientific life. Scientists hasn＇t been determined or influence by these positive or negative principles. Marcle Points out that we can＇t regard the production of science as a simple result of obeying any specific principle forms,otherwise,it is more suitable to regard the scientific principles as a phrase used by the researchers in obtaining consulting sense of their colleagues and of their own.