《歧路灯》称谓语中“第”字用法探析

The Usage of "Di" in A Beacon out of a Crossroad

《歧路灯》一书称谓语丰富庞杂,从语言发展的角度看,书中用于排行称谓语的词头"第"用法十分独特。经笔者粗略查证,其不仅在古代文献中少有,其他明清小说中也极为罕见。"第"做排行称谓的词头,用法非常灵活,既可用于亲属成员,也可用于非亲属成员;既见于面称场合,也见于背称场合。本文结合书中的相关语料,着重分析归纳"第"的独特用法,并对其用法进行了初步考证。

In A Beacon out of a Crossroad, addressing forms are numerous and jumbled, and the usage of ＂Di＂ as seniority terms is unique and distinct from the perspective of language development. From the author＇s general investigation,the term ＂Di＂ is seldom used not only in ancient literature,but also in novels of Ming and Qing dynasties. As seniority terms,the usage of ＂Di＂ is very flexible,and it can be used to address both family members and non-family members, used both in face-to-face situations and non-face-toface occasions. This paper aims to analyze, investigate and summarize the special usage of ＂Di＂ with the related language materials in this book.