美国“特殊301条款”及其应对之策的思考

Thinking about US "Special 301" and Its Countermeasures

"特殊301条款"是美国采取的以国内法的形式处理国际贸易中涉及知识产权争端的典型单边贸易措施,在迫使他国提高知识产权保护标准、开放国内市场等方面成效显著。由于目前国际法尚无健全的制度制约主权国家恣意横行的单边措施,使众多国家包括我国深受其害。"特殊301条款"甚至已经成为国际贸易中的"杀手锏",直接阻碍了国际贸易的发展。由于种种政治、经济及法律的原因,中国一直是"特殊301条款"的重点监察对象。美国贸易代表办公室公布的2008年度《特殊301报告》中,又一次将我国列入重点观察名单。因而我国必须直面"特殊301条款",明确其制度性质与内容,从国内到国际两个层面积极构建应对机制,切实维护国家利益。

The ＂special 301＂ is the typical uitilateral trade measures adopted by the United States in the form of domestic law to deal with intemational trade disputes involving intellectual property rights ,which has forced many countries to improve intellectual property protection standards and open up the domestic market . Since there is no sound system of international law restricting the country＇s unilateral measures, many countries, including China suffered. It even has become a ＂trump card＂ in international trade,which directly hindered the development of international trade. For a variety of political, economic and legal reasons, China has been the prior surveillance target of ＂special 301＂. In the year of 2008 ＂special 301＂report, China was once again included in the watch list. Tberefore China must face up to the ＂special 301＂, analyse its nature and content and build positive mechanisms to effectively safeguard national interests both from domestic and international level.