地肤农用生物活性研究

Pesticidal Activity of Extracts of Kochia scoparia

研究了地肤各器官及其提取物的除草及抑菌活性。结果表明:地肤各器官对供试植物种子胚根及胚轴的生长均有抑制作用,其中,种子抑制效果最强,在0.01 g.mL-1(干粉)时,对供试4种植物种子胚根生长的抑制率均大于80%;地肤种子乙醇提取物3种溶剂萃取物中,正丁醇萃取物的除草活性最强,对黄瓜胚轴及反枝苋胚根生长的EC50为0.05 mg.mL-1。抑菌活性测定结果表明:地肤种子提取物的抑菌作用最强,在0.05 g.mL-1(相当于干样)时,对苹果腐烂病菌及葡萄黑痘病菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为90.7%及71.5%;地肤种子乙醇提取物3种溶剂萃取物中,正丁醇萃取物的抑菌作用最强,对苹果腐烂病菌和葡萄黑痘病菌菌丝生长的EC50分别为0.10 mg.mL-1和0.24 mg.mL-1。

Herbicidal and antifungal activities of the extracts from different organs of Kochia scoparia were assayed. The results showed that all the tissues of K. scoparia had certain inhibition on the development of taproot and caulis of all the plant seedlings tested. The seed exhibited the highest herbicidal activity with inhibitory rates more than 80% against all the plant taproot development, n-Butanol extract had the strongest herbicidal activity with EC50 of 0.05 mg · mL-1 against the caulis development of cucumber and taproot development of Amaranthusre troflexus within the extracts of 3 solvents from ethanol extract of the seed of K. scoparia. The ethanol extract of seed exhibited the highest antifungal activity with the in- hibitory rates of 90.7% and 71.5% against Valsa rnali and Elsinoe ampelina at 0.05 g · mL-1 （dry tis- sue）. n-Butanol extract had strongest antifungal activity with EC50 of 0.10 g · mL-1 and 0.24 g · mL-1 against V. mali and E. arnpelina in the 3 solvents extracts from ethanol extract of the seed of K. scoparia.