在双螺旋结构的发现中物理学的作用与贡献

The contribution of physics in the discovery of the double helix

简述了薛定谔对基因物质的预言和德尔布吕克等人关于DNA是遗传物质的确定;介绍了DNA结构的X射线衍射分析,其中包括在X射线晶体学中的布拉格方程,螺旋结构的傅里叶变换,威尔金斯对双螺旋结构的实验验证;介绍了分子模型方法,其中包括键角与键长,杂化轨道理论,碳四面体型轨道的量子力学计算,在分子的空间构型中氢键的作用.

Schrodinger＇s prediction of genes and Delbruck＇s determination of genetic matter are reviewed. X-ray diffraction , including Bragg＇s equation in crystallography, the Fourier transform of helical structures, and Wilkins＇ experimental determination of the double helix are discussed. The molecular model method is presented, with details of the bond angles and lengths, the theory of hybrid bond orbitals, formulae for the tetrahedral orbitals, and effects of the hydrogen bond.