流动人群麻风病检查及健康教育效果评价

Effects of leprosy screening and health education in floating population

目的通过对流动人群进行麻风病检查和健康教育干预,提高该人群对麻风病基本知识的知晓率,及时在流动人群中发现疑似病人,并为在流动人群中开展麻风病健康教育提供参考依据。方法选择流动人群相对集中地区的城镇和大中型企业,利用三级防治网络发放麻风病基本知识宣传资料和张贴宣传画,并配合广播和电视等媒体进行麻风病知识讲座,以不记名调查问卷的方式获取目标人群在健康教育干预前后的麻风病相关知识及行为态度,并对上报的可疑病人进行检查,评价干预效果。结果健康教育能有效地提高该人群对麻风病的认识并能转变部分态度,歧视麻风病病人和治愈者的比例从健康教育前的19.9%降至健康教育后的14.9%(χ2=13.54,P<0.01),愿意跟往常一样和他们交往的人数也较健康教育前增加了29.8%;但是在怀疑自己患上麻风病后,存在侥幸心理和不想让别人知道的人群间差异无统计学意义。结论对流动人群进行麻风病检查和健康教育干预能有效地提高他们对麻风病的认识,并能起到一定的社会宣传作用,有利于早期发现麻风病,应长期坚持开展对该人群的健康教育干预工作。

Objective To enhance awareness rate of leprosy knowledge and find suspected leprosy patients in time, and to provide basis for leprosy health education in floating population. Methods Towns and large or medium-sized enterprises with more floating population were selected. Publicity materials of leprosy knowledge were distributed through three-level prevention and control network. Special courses of leprosy knowledge were held on radio and television. Leprosy-related knowledge and attitude before and after intervention in target population were evaluated by using anonymous questionnaire, and suspicious patients were checked. Results Health education improved the population＇s awareness and changed some attitudes about leprosy. The rate of discrimination against leprosy patients and cured patients declined from 19. 9% before health education to 14. 9% after health education （Χ^2 = 13.54, P 〈0. 01 ） ; the rate of persons willing to contact with leprosy patients increased by 29. 8%. But the rate of suspected patients who had iluke mind or were unwilling to let others know their disease varied little （ P 〉 0. 05 ） . Conclusion Leprosy screening and health education in floating population can effectively raise their awareness of leprosy, and can help to find out the leprosy patients timely. Long-term health education intervention should be carried out among the populations.