本科男护生实习期间离职意愿及其影响因素的研究

Study on Undergraduate Internship Male Nurses' Turnover Intention and Its Influencing Factors

目的探讨本科男护生实习期间离职意愿及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,对全国9所护理本科院校的96名本科实习男护生进行问卷调查,观察指标为工作应激源、应对方式、自我效能、社会支持、人格、职业倦怠、总体健康、离职意愿和一般资料。结果96名本科男护生实习期间离职意愿得分(3.30±0.89)分,与女护生相比差异有统计学意义;进入离职意愿影响因素回归方程的是总体健康(B=0.11)、工作倦怠(B=0.13)、工作信心(B=-0.35)和工作满意度(B=-0.43);路径分析结果显示工作应激源间接影响离职意愿(B=0.10、-0.24、-0.18、0.13),工作倦怠(B=0.13)、工作信心(B=-0.35)、总体健康(B=0.11)除了直接影响离职意愿,还间接通过工作满意度对离职意愿起作用(B=-0.43)。结论工作满意度是离职意愿重要而核心的中介变量。可以通过提高本科男护生的工作满意度,减少工作倦怠感,增强工作信心和提高总体健康水平来减少实习期间离职意愿的产生。

Objective To explore undergraduate internship male nurses＇ turnover intention and its influencing factors. Methods By stratified-random-clustering, 96 male internship nurses were chosen as the subjects of this study. A survey was made with them as to the sources of job stress, coping style, self-efficacy, social support, personality, occupational burnout, general health status, turnover intention and general information. Results The score for the male nurses＇ turnover intention was （3.30±0.89）, and significantly different from that of the female counterparts. Factors included in the regression equation of turnover intention were： general health （B=0.11）, occupational burnout （B=0.13）, job confidence （B=-0.35） and job satisfaction（B=-0.43）; the sources of job stress influenced the turnover intention indirectly （B=0.10,-0.24,-0.18,0.13） and occupational burnout, job confidence and general health indirectly by means of job satisfaction（B=-0.43） according to path analysis. Conclusion Job satisfaction is a significant intermediary core factor influencing the turnover intention of internship nursing students ,which can be reduced by enhancing positive factors such as job satisfaction, job confidence and general health status and reducing such negative factors as occupational burnout.