星载红外预警探测器工作机制和对抗方式

Working Mechanism of Space-based Infrared Detector for Early Warning and Its Combat Modes

星载红外预警探测器通过探测火箭发动机尾焰的红外辐射来搜索、跟踪导弹目标,是导弹预警卫星最重要的一种载荷。简述了星载红外预警探测器的作用和特点,总结了当前星载红外预警探测器的发展趋势。工作波段的选择是红外探测系统设计的一个关键问题,分析了星载红外探测器工作波段的选择,指出地球大气层的红外吸收特性是决定星载红外探测器工作波段选择最重要的因素。星载红外预警探测器目前采用基于时间延迟积分技术的红外焦平面阵列敏感器,简要分析了其工作机制。对于星载红外预警探测器所采用的扫描、凝视两类典型探测模式,给出了探测原理,分析了其各自的优缺点,未来天基导弹预警将使用这两类探测器搭配工作。初步研究了针对星载红外预警探测器的各类被动和主动对抗方式。

The Space-Based Infrared Detector for Early Warning （SBIRDEW） is the most important payload of an early warning satellite. By detecting the infrared radiation of the exhaust plume of a rocket engine, the SBIRDEW searches and tracks targets, mostly missiles or rockets. The purpose and characteristics of the SBIRDEW, and its development trends are reviewed in this paper. The choice of the operation band is a key issue in the design of an infrared system. The very far infrared spectrum, in which the SBIRDEW works, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the absorption of the earth atmosphere is the most important factor that influences the choice of the operation band of the SBIRDEW. The SBIRDEW usually adopts the Focal Plane Array （FPA） infrared sensor based of Time Delay Integral （TDI） technology. The working mechanism of SBIRDEW is briefly analyzed. There are two main detecting modes, scanning and starring modes. Their principles, advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The two types of detectors will be used jointly in the space-based early warning mission in future. Theoretically, the SBIRDEW can be destroyed and avoided. The passive and active measures in combat are discussed.