视觉掩蔽研究现状及展望

Review on Visual Masking

视觉掩蔽是指某个物体因另一在空间或时间上与其相邻的物体的呈现而导致可见度降低的现象。目前,掩蔽的研究集中于那些涉及到特征、目标和场景表征,注意控制机制,以及现象知觉有关的加工等。该综述主要介绍了视觉掩蔽的概念和范式,研究的典型现象及参数,并介绍了相关的神经科学研究,概述并评论了4类重要的视觉掩蔽理论模型:知觉修正、双通道、边界轮廓系统以及目标替换。最后讨论了目前视觉掩蔽研究遇到的一些困难和挑战,包括刺激与任务的不统一带来的影响、神经科学方法的局限性以及模型模拟的复杂性,并从神经意识相关、功能性观点与模型发展三方面对视觉掩蔽未来的研究方向进行了展望。

At the most general level, visual masking refers to a reduction in the visibility of an object caused by the appearance of a second object near in space or time. Most of recent studies have focused on the subjects such as features, objects and scene appearances, attentional control mechanisms, and phenomenal awareness. In this paper, we review the classic concepts and methods, and phenomenology of visual masking. Also, recent relevant findings in psychophysics and electrophysiology are reviewed. And then, we outline and evaluate four kinds of important： the perceptual retouch, the dual-channel, the boundary contour system, and the object-substitution. In the end, some difficulties are involved for discussion： the researches in the influence of different stimuli and tasks, the limitation of neuroscience methods, and difficulties of complexity of simulation models. In addition, three hopeful subjects of future development are outlined： neural correlates of conscious and unconscious vision, functional perspective and the model＇s evolution.