效应器在动作序列学习中的作用机制探析

Effector’s Roles Playing in the Motor Sequence Learning

动作序列学习是动作技能学习的重要组成部分,其中大部分动作序列学习都有效应器参与。目前有关效应器在动作序列学习中的作用机制存在两种观点:一是依存于效应器的观点,即动作序列技能的获得依附于具体的效应器,不可向其他效应器迁移,其学习的本质是建立反应或肌肉间的联结。二是独立于效应器的观点,即动作序列技能的获得并不依存于具体效应器,某个效应器获得的技能可以向其他效应器迁移,其学习的本质是建立抽象的刺激表征联结。效应器作用机制随练习程度、意识状态及其他条件的不同而有所变化。

Motor sequence learning, which mostly involves effector, is one of the most important components of Motor skill learning. There were two hypotheses about the role that the effector played in the motor sequence learning. One was the effector-dependent, i.e., motor sequence learning was related to the specific effector and could not transfer from one effector to the other. Learners established connections among muscles or reactions during the learning. The other was the effector-independent, i.e., such sequence learning did not dependent on the specific effector and could transfer from one effector to the others. Learners established connections among the abstract stimuli representations in the process. The effector＇s roles played in the motor sequence learning were varied with the different stages of practice, the consciousness status and some other conditions.