心理韧性者甄别诸法

On Several Categories of Methods for Identifying Resilient Individuals

如何甄别心理韧性者是心理韧性研究的重要方法命题。自心理韧性研究领域发端至今,尽管出现了许多心理韧性者甄别方法,但遵循什么方法或基于什么方法依然是该领域的技术难题。本文将已有文献中心理韧性者甄别方法梳理概括为5个类别:简捷质性判别法、简明量化判定法、年龄发展任务法、汇聚操作评估法和心理量表评定法,就每类方法分别从技术内涵、操作要领、功能优劣等层面予以介评,并在对诸法简要比较的基础上,讨论了心理韧性者甄别的效力与效率权衡问题。

One of the most important methodological issues in the domain of resilience is how to identify resilient individuals. Although there have been many methods of screening resilient persons since its inchoation, the inquiry of resilience still faces technological difficulties in what to be followed or on which to be based. In this article the authors try to categorize the methods for identifying resilient individuals used in literature of resilience into five groups, namely simple qualitative technique, brief quantitative technique, age-based developmental task technique, converging technique and psychological scaling technique. For each kind of methods, the technical definition, operationalizing tenors and strength and weakness of function are clearly delineated. After briefly comparing all kinds of methods,, the authors discussed the issue of trade-off between power and efficiency in identifying resilient individuals.