对教师实践性知识构成要素的探讨

On the Constituting Components of Teachers' Practical Knowledge

通过对教师进行大量的课堂观察、深度访谈和案例分析,本研究认为教师实践性知识包括主体、问题情境、行动中反思和信念等四个重要的构成要素。教师实践性知识的主体是教师,教师拥有自己独特的知识。教师实践性知识通常在具体的问题解决过程中体现出来,具有价值导向性、情境依赖性、背景丰富性等特性。教师实践性知识还具有行动性、身体化、默会性的特征,必须被"做出来"。虽然实践性知识隐藏在教师的整体经验之中,它能够被提炼为一种信念,这种信念将受到教师后续行动的检验,并指导他们的后续行动。

By way of a large quantity of classroom observation, in-depth interview and case study of teachers, it is found out that teachers＇ practical knowledge consists of four important components： owner, problem context, reflectionin-action and belief. The owner of practical knowledge is teacher, who possesses his own unique type of knowledge. With characteristics of value orientation, context dependency, and rich background, teachers＇ .practical knowledge is often shown in the process of problem solving. It has to be ＂enacted＂ due to its features of often being embodied and tacit. Although practical knowledge is hidden in the whole experience of teachers, it can be distilled as belief, which will be verified by and guide teachers＇ follow-up actions.