脊髓灰质炎疫苗强化免疫消除免疫空白作用

Role of Supplemental Immunization for Reducing Zero - dose OPV Immunized Children

本文综合分析了５次脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）疫苗强化免疫活动中“零剂次”免疫儿童，以及第５次强化免疫活动中适龄流动儿童人数、构成变化及免疫接种情况。结果表明，我国强化免疫活动使“零剂次”免疫儿童大幅度下降，发现及免疫了相当数量的适龄流动儿童，显著缩小了免疫空白。另一方面，强化免疫在实施过程中尚存在以下问题：①“零剂次”免疫儿童下降幅度减缓；②部分“零剂次”免疫儿童和流动儿童在强化免疫活动中未被发现或免疫；③流动人口的流动性可能会影响流动儿童的免疫接种。建议今后强化免疫活动必须采取更有效的免疫措施，以充分发挥强化免疫消除免疫空白的作用。

This analysis focused on immunization status of zero dose OPV immunized children and floating children during supplemental immunization activities . The results showed that the number of children with zero dose OPV vacclne decreased dramatically and many floating children aged under 4 were vaccinated with OPV during NIDs/SNIDs . Supplemental immunization activities have played a very important role in accelerating polio eradication. On the other hand. some problems existed as follows ① In five successive NIDs' the number of zero - dose vaccinated children decreased lowerly by year, ②Some children were still out of reach during NIDs/SNIDs, ③Floating children might not be immunized with second dose OPV vaccine because of moving. The suggestion was made that more effective policy and effortswould be needed to immunize the children hard to reach in the coming SNIDs.