厦门沿岸海域渔业资源变化和最适捕捞力量的估算

Variation of fishery resources and estimation of suitable fishing efforts in Xiamen coastal waters

本文以厦门沿岸海域历次渔业资源和生物调查及1984～1995年渔业统计资料为背景，分析了该海域渔业资源的变动，重点对文昌鱼、真鲷、鳓鱼、大黄鱼、蓝点马鲛、长毛对虾、中国等重要经济种类资源变动的原因进行探讨。针对目前资源的变动趋向，指出了近期重点的保护对象和有开发潜力的种类，并以三种标准捕捞力量，应用了Schaefer和Fox两种剩余产量模式估算最大持续产量（MSY）和最适捕捞力量（fMSY）。估算结果MSY为9663～12113t，平均10324t。估算的fMSY为：（1）以五种作业的混合总功率15401～17330kw，平均16366kW;（2）以厦门机定置渔船功率为标准总功率28391～28471kW，平均28431kW；（3）以厦门机利网渔船功率为标准的总功率37196～45874kW，平均41535kW。1995年实际渔获量和捕捞力量均超过了两种模式估算MSY和fMSY平均值，表明处于过度捕捞状态。建议适当削减捕捞力量，控制渔获量，达到保护近岸渔业资源，以利持续开发利用。

In this paper,based on the previous investigation data of fisheries resources and blologyin Xiamen coastal waters and the fishery statistics data from 1984 to 1995 in Xiamen City,thevariance of fishery resources are analysed for Branchiostoma belcheri, Pagrosomus ma jor, Il-isha elongata, Pseudosciaena crocea, Scomberomorus niphonius, Penaeas penicillatus, Tachy-pleus tridentatus and ect. According to the tendency of variance in fishery resources it isisha elongata, Pseudosciaena crocea, Scomberomorus niphonius, Penaeas penicillatus, Tachy-pleus tridentatus and ect. According to the tendency of variance in fishery resources it ismarked out that a number of the species have important economic value and development po-tentiality. The MSY and fMsY are calculated using Schaefer and Fox surplus yield models bythe three standard fishing efforts. The theoretical MSY calculated is 9 663~12 113t,aver-agely 10 324t. The three fMsY is 15 401~17 330kW,averagely 16 336kW by the total powerof the five fishering boats ; 28 391 ~28 471kW,averagely 28 431kW by the total power of theset-net boatsi 37 196 ~ 45 874kW, averagely 41 535kW by the total power of the gill-netboat. The real yield and efforts in 1995 all are over the theoretical MSY and fMsY It showsthat it is overflshing in Xiamen coastal waters. In order to protect coastal fishery re5ources,it is recommended to control the fishing efforts and catch.