碳捕集与封存技术的现状与未来

Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technology

全球气候变暖问题已经越来越严重,碳捕集与封存(CCS)技术被看作是最具发展前景的解决方案之一,随着研究的不断深入,CCS技术成本将进一步降低。碳捕集工艺按操作时间可分为燃烧前捕集、富氧燃烧捕集和燃烧后捕集,其中最有发展前景的是富氧燃烧捕集。CO2-EOR技术虽然不是直接针对性地封存二氧化碳,但其不仅可以解决二氧化碳的封存问题,还能提高油田采收率,近年来得到广泛应用。我国在CCS技术的研究上进行了大量工作,CCS技术已被列入"973计划"和"863计划",北京高碑店热电厂二氧化碳捕集示范工程受到国内外的关注。虽然CCS技术取得了长足的进步,但仍面临着很多问题,如二氧化碳泄漏问题、技术难点、建设和运行成本高昂等。CCS技术项目投资较大,如果没有政府在立法和税收机制上的激励与优惠措施,很难真正进入商业化应用阶段。好在种种迹象表明,随着全球气候问题的加剧,各国政府越来越重视CCS技术的研发和利用。

Carbon capture and sequestration （CCS） technology is seen as one of the most promising solutions to deteriorating climate changes.As research progresses,the cost of CCS is set to decline.By operational time, carbon capture technology can be categorized into pre-combustion capture,enriched oxygen combustion capture and post-combustion capture technologies,of which the enriched oxygen combustion capture technology is the most promising.Although it does not directly sequestrate CO2,CO2-EOR technology does provide a solution to CO2 sequestration and can also raise the recovery of an oilfield.In recent years,this technology has found nu- merous applications.China has done a lot of work on the research of CCS technology.The development of this technology has been listed in the country＇s 973 Plan and 863 Plan.The CO2 capture demonstration project in the Gaobeidian Thermal Power Plant in Beijing has received wide attention from both the domestic and inter- national environmental protection industries.Although substantial advance has been made in CCS technology, many challenges remain ,such as the leakage of CO2,technical bottlenecks and high facility construction and operational costs.CCS technology projects entail high investment.Without legislative and tax incentives offered by the government,CCS technology can hardly be commercialized.The good news is that as global climate problems worsen,governments across the globe are putting increasing emphasis on the research,development and utilization of CCS technology.