我国资源型城市的界定与分类探析

A Study on Definitions and Classification of Resource-based Cities in China

资源型城市以资源的开发、加工、利用及相关配套服务为基本社会经济活动,具有明显的资源指向性。资源型城市必须具备3个条件:①对当地自然资源进行开采与利用;②资源型产业占据该城市经济的主体;③人口和用地规模称得上城市的区域。资源型城市的界定原则为:①以统计年鉴所公布的城市为样本空间,以市辖区为研究范畴;②以城市社会经济结构与当地自然资源的依存关系为判据;③分类别选择适宜的指标和定量标准。按照该界定原则,以定量为主、定性为辅界定了煤炭、冶金与建材、森工类资源型城市;根据资源分布与城市资源禀赋、有无大型加工企业、旅游业在全国行业中的地位等非定量指标,判定非森工的其他农副产品加工与旅游资源型城市。最终确定了我国2007年各类资源型城市共156座,并对其按主导资源进行了分类统计。

A resource-based city＇s social and economic activities are based on the development,processing and utilization of resources and associated services and have a clear resource directivity.When a place is called a resource-based city,it must meet three conditions：① it produces and utilizes natural resources locally;② resource-based industries are the mainstay of the local economy ;③the place can be called a city because its population and the scale of land use in it match the levels of a city.The principles in defining a resource -based city are：①use cities in statistical yearbooks as the sample space and include all areas under a city＇ s jurisdiction in studies; ② use the dependence relationship between the social and economic structures of a city and the natural resources in the city as the criteria for adjustment ; ③ select the appropriate indicators and quantitative criteria.This article categorizes resourcebased cities into coalbased ,metallurgy and building material-based and forest industrybased cities ,based on quantitative indicators supported by qualitative indicators.Based on nonquantitative indicators such as the distribution of natural resources in a city and the city＇s natural resource endowment,the availability of large processing enterprises,and the ranking of the city＇ s tourism industry in the country,the article defines subsidiary agricultural products-based （excluding forest industry-based） and tourism-based cities.The article＇s conclusion is that there were 156 resource-based cities in China in 2007.These cities are sorted by dominant resources in the article.