摘要
生物质热解与生物油改质、生物质气化与合成气费-托转化工艺是正在研究开发的第二代生物燃料技术,前者利用快速热解工艺对生物质进行热解或热加氢改质生成热解油;后者用生物质直接合成或先转化为生物油后再生成合成气,合成气经改质和转化生产费-托合成烃。许多石油公司都在以纤维素/木质纤维素为原料,研究开发在石油炼厂内对生物质原料进行后续加工和应用的相关技术。在石油炼厂中引入生物质原料,其挑战是要找到源自非食用生物质或生物质废弃物的原料,而且这些原料应易于运输并易于在炼厂中进行处理,同时应尽可能使用现有的工艺和装置。虽然石油炼厂加工生物质原料尚存在一些问题,但近来开发势头十分强劲。从长远角度来看,任何能为炼厂提供原料,生命周期分析证明能减少CO2排放,并在经济上可行的技术均会在生物燃料开发竞争中成为赢家。
Biomass pyrolysis/bio-oil upgrading and biomass gasification and conversion of syngas to FischerTropsch （F-T） hydrocarbons are the next-generation bio-fuel technologies being developed.The former uses fast pyrolysis process to achieve the pyrolysis or hydrothermal upgrading of biomass to provide a pyrolysis oil,while the latter process produces synthesis gas from biomass,either directly or after conversion to bio-oil,followed by upgrading and conversion to Fischer-Tropsch （F-T） hydrocarbons.Many oil companies are researching and developing technologies for subsequent processing and application of cellulosic/lignocellulosic biofeeds in petroleum refineries.The challenges involved in introducing biofeeds in petroleum refineries are to use feedstocks that are derived from non-edible or waste biomass sources and are in a form that can be transported economically from even dispersed sources and handled by a refinery.Also ,refiners will want to make the maximum use of existing operations in the processing of biofeeds.Despite these challenges ,the momentum of developing technologies in processing biofeeds in refineries is robust.On a longterm basis ,any technologies that make feeds for refinery processing,reduce CO2 emission （or carbon neutral） based on a lifecycle analysis,and are economically viable are considered final winners in the race of biofuel developments.
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2009年第11期68-74,共7页
Sino-Global Energy
