方法论的决裂:德拉·沃尔佩对马克思哲学革命的定位及其困境

Rupture in Methodology:Della-Volpe's Interpretation of Marx's Philosophical Revolution and its Predicament

德拉·沃尔佩把黑格尔的历史唯心主义还原为一种一般唯心主义,认为黑格尔的哲学在本质上只不过是一种否定的神学,其辩证法也只是一种先验的辩证法;而马克思的哲学则是对黑格尔哲学的批判,这种批判表现为马克思与黑格尔在方法论上的彻底决裂,进而认为方法论的变革——科学辩证法——才是马克思哲学革命的根本体现。但是德拉·沃尔佩在解释这种方法论变革的时候,并不是立足于马克思文本本身的含义,而是戴上亚里士多德、伽利略的眼镜来反观马克思的方法论的,在本质上已经用亚里士多德的无矛盾原理和伽利略的实验方法偷偷地置换掉了马克思的历史唯物主义,把马克思的方法论还原为一般唯物主义的实验理性,这是对马克思哲学的极大误读,已经远远地背离了马克思哲学革命的实质。

Della-Volpe reduced Hegel＇s historical idealism to philosophical idealism. Based on this, he thought that the essence of Hegel＇s philosophy was only a kind of ＂negative theology＂, and that his dialectics was simply a transcendental logic. In his view, Marx＇s critique on Hegel was mainly showed as the radically methodological rupture from Hegel; the scientific dialectics, which was the fundamental embodiment of Marx＇ s philosophical revolution, was the result of the thorough rupture. It is pointed out in this essay that Della-Volpe actually interpreted Marx＇s philosophical revolution through the glasses of Aristotle and Galileo, and that he substituted Aristotle＇s principle of non-contradiction and Galileo＇s experimental method for Marx＇s historical materialism. This explanation is a severe misinterpretation of Marx＇s philosophy.