小学生和成人不同注意条件下的感数与计数加工的比较研究

Subitizing and Counting Processing of Primary School Children

采用经典的空间线索范式,以成年人和小学二、四、六年级的学生为研究对象,考察了内、外源注意对感数和计数加工过程的影响。结果表明：（1）六年级学生和成人的感数范围为1-3或4,计数范围为4或5以上,二、四年级学生的感数范围在1-3,计数范围在4以上,支持感数和计数分离的观点。（2）对感数加工,成人和六年级学生均不受两种注意条件的影响,而对计数加工,外源性注意条件下的反应比内源性注意快;二年级学生1-6的数量加工受两种注意条件的影响,四年级学生1-5的加工不受两种注意条件的影响。（3）成人和小学生在感数和计数加工上都存在线索效应。以上结果说明：二-四年级是发展的关键期,随着年龄的增加,儿童逐渐有意识地有效利用内源和外源性线索进行数量加工,其注意指向性更明确;从发展的角度为选择注意加工理论提供了发展证据。

The present research was intended to explore the effect of subitizing and counting processing on primary school children by adopting the spatial cue paradigm. The results showed that： （ 1 ） Sixth-grade children＇s subitizing range was 1-3 or 4, and counting range was out of 4 objects,which was the same with adult; whereas second-grade children＇s subitizing range was 1-3, and counting range was out of 3 objects, which supported the separate process view of subitizing and counting;（2）Different attentional condition had no effect on sixth-grade children and adult＇ s subitizing and counting process; Two attentional condition had effect on second-grade children＇ s subitizing and counting process of 1-6 number objeets;Two attentional condition had effect on forthgrade children＇ s subitizing and counting process of 1-5 number objects ; （ 3 ） There existed cue effect on primary school children and adult＇ subitizing and counting processing. These results showed that children become more proficient to use endogenous and exogenous attentional cue and attention orientation is facilitated with their age. Further, second to forth grade are the key stage for children＇ s attention development, thus supporting the selective attention theory from developmental aspect.