传染源控制为主的综合防治措施预防血吸虫病效果

Effects of synthetic measures with emphasis on infection source control for schistosomiasis prevention

目的评价以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施预防血吸虫病的效果。方法在宣城市宣州区选择1个较重流行村实施"以机代牛"、"家畜圈养"、"改厕"或"建沼气池"等控制传染源措施。要求淘汰所有耕牛和菜牛,其它家畜圈养,所有住户建造粪便无害化处理厕所或沼气池,家庭普及自来水。结果项目实施1年后,全部耕牛被淘汰,所有住户建立了无害化厕所或沼汽池,安全用水率38.1%,生猪全部实行了圈养;居民血吸虫感染率下降了61.7%,感染螺密度和钉螺感染率均下降了100.0%。结论实施以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施取得了很好的预防血吸虫病的效果。

Objective To evaluate the effects of synthetic measures with emphasis on infection source control for schistosomiasis prevention. Methods One high endemic village in Xuanzhou district was chosen to implement the measures of ＂replacing cattle with machines＂, ＂rearing domestic animals in pens＂, ＂safely treat-ing night-soil or building methane-generating pits＂. In this village,cattle should be eliminated, other livestock be reared in pens, and all households be supplied with lavatories that can safely treat night-soil, or with methane-generating pits, and safe water supply. Results After one year of implementing the project, all cattle were eliminated, all households had safe lavatories or methane-generating pits, 38.1% of households had safe wa-ter supply, all remaining pigs were reared in pens, and schistosoma infection rate of residents reduced by 61.7%, the infection rate of snails reduced by 100.0%. Conclusion The synthetic measures with emphasis on infection source control were effective in schistosomiasis prevention.